Cross-Lagged Associations Between Substance Use-Related Media Exposure and Alcohol Use During Middle School

This study examines the reciprocal longitudinal associations between alcohol or other drug (AOD)-related media exposure and alcohol use among middle school students, and explores whether these associations differ by ethnicity or gender.

The analytic sample is 7th grade students who were recruited from 16 California middle schools and surveyed in the spring semester of two academic years.